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Attribution & licences

Japanji is built on open Japanese-language data made and maintained by other people. This page names every source we use, what we use it for, and the licence it ships under. Some of those licences ask us to reproduce their full text, so you will find the long versions at the bottom of the page.

Free, open, non-commercial

Japanji is free and non-commercial, and it stays that way. Donations are welcome; there is no paid tier and there never will be. Several of the sources below are offered for non-commercial use, and that is exactly how Japanji uses them.

Dictionaries: meanings, readings, vocabulary

  • KanjiDic2 gives us kanji meanings, readings, stroke counts, grade and JLPT level. Copyright © James William Breen and the Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group (EDRDG). Used under the EDRDG General Dictionary Licence, which is the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 licence together with the EDRDG attribution conditions. Project: https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/KANJIDIC_Project. The full licence text is reproduced below.
  • JMdict is the Japanese-English vocabulary dictionary behind the vocab you learn. Copyright © James William Breen and the EDRDG. Used under the same EDRDG General Dictionary Licence as KanjiDic2. Project: https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project. The full licence text is reproduced below.

Characters: strokes, components, radicals

  • KanjiVG provides the stroke-order diagrams. Copyright © Ulrich Apel and the KanjiVG project, licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Source: https://kanjivg.tagaini.net/.
  • cjkvi-ids provides the character component decompositions. The data derives from the CHISE IDS database by Tomohiko Morioka and contributors, licensed under the GNU General Public License, version 2 (GPLv2). Source: https://github.com/cjkvi/cjkvi-ids. The full licence text is reproduced below. (The decomposition data flows in at build time and is reduced to plain database rows; no GPL-licensed file ships in the app bundle.)
  • Unicode Character Database (CJKRadicals.txt) provides the Kangxi radical mapping. Copyright © Unicode, Inc., under the Unicode License (https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html). The English radical names are taken from Wikipedia under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Frequency and example sentences

Kanji order and scheduling

  • topokanji gives us the order in which kanji are taught: a topological sort that respects which characters build on which, broken by frequency. Copyright © Dmitry Shpika (scriptin) and contributors. The project is offered under a choice of Apache-2.0, CC BY-4.0, EPL-1.0, LGPL-3.0 or MIT; Japanji elects the MIT License (reproduced below). Source: https://github.com/scriptin/topokanji. The ordering algorithm is from Loach, J. C., & Wang, J. (2016), "Optimizing the Learning Order of Chinese Characters Using a Novel Topological Sort Algorithm," arXiv:1602.08742.
  • ts-fsrs is the spaced-repetition scheduler that decides when each card comes back. Copyright © Open Spaced Repetition, licensed under the MIT License (reproduced below). Source: https://github.com/open-spaced-repetition/ts-fsrs.

What Japanji deliberately does not ship

Japanji does not use Heisig's Remembering the Kanji (RTK) order or WaniKani's order. Both are proprietary teaching sequences rather than open data: the RTK order is the copyrighted heart of the book, and WaniKani's order and mnemonics are its own product. Japanji uses an open, frequency-and-dependency-based order (topokanji, above) so that everything it ships can stay free and open.

Full licence texts

The licences below are reproduced in their original English. They apply regardless of the language you read Japanji in.

EDRDG General Dictionary Licence (applies to KanjiDic2 and JMdict)

ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GROUP
GENERAL DICTIONARY LICENCE STATEMENT
1. Introduction
In March 2000, James William Breen assigned ownership of the copyright
of the dictionary files assembled, coordinated and edited by him to the 
The Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, then at
Monash University (hereafter "the Group"), on the understanding that 
the Group
will foster the development of the dictionary files, and will utilize all
monies received for use of the files for the further
development of the files, and for research into computer lexicography and
electronic dictionaries.
This document outlines the licence arrangement put in place by The
Group for usage of the files. It replaces all previous copyright and
licence statements applying to the files.
2. Application
This licence statement and copyright notice applies to the
following dictionary files, the associated documentation files,
and any data files which are derived from them. 
JMDICT
- Japanese-Multilingual Dictionary File - the Japanese and English
components (the translational equivalents in other languages, e.g.
German, French, Dutch, etc. 
are covered by separate copyright held by the compilers of that material.)
EDICT
- Japanese-English Electronic DICTionary File
ENAMDICT
- Japanese Names File
COMPDIC
- Japanese-English Computing and Telecommunications Terminology File
KANJIDIC2
- File of Information about the Kanji in JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212 and JIS X
0213 in XML format.
KANJIDIC
- File of Information about the 6,355 Kanji in the JIS X 0208 Standard
(special conditions apply)
KANJD212
- File of Information about the 5,801 Supplementary Kanji in the 
JIS X 0212 Standard
EDICT-R
- romanized version of the EDICT file. (NB: this file has been withdrawn
from circulation, and all sites carrying it are requested to remove
their copies.)
RADKFILE/KRADFILE
- files relating to the decomposition of the 6,355 kanji in JIS X 0208
into their visible components.
Copyright over the documents covered by this statement is held by James 
William BREEN and The Electronic Dictionary Research and
Development Group.
3. Licence Conditions
The dictionary files are made available under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike Licence (V4.0). The Licence Deed can be viewed
here, 
and the full Licence Code is
here. 
In summary (extract from the Licence Deed): 
You are free:
to Share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work
to Remix - to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible licence.
For attribution of these files, you must:
in the case of publishing significant extracts of the files, or
material based on significant extracts of the files, e.g. in a published
dictionary or in 
vocabulary lists, clearly acknowledge that you used the files for this purpose;
in the case of a software package,  WWW server, smartphone app, etc. which uses the
files or incorporates data from the files, you must:
acknowledge the usage and source of the files in the documentation,
publicity material, WWW site of the package/server, etc.;
provide copies of the documentation and licence files (in the case
of software packages). Where the application packaging does not provide
for the inclusion of such files (e.g. with iPhone applications), it is
sufficient to provide links, as per the next point;
provide links to either local copies of
the documentation and licence files or to the locations of the files
at Monash University or at the EDRDG site.
If a WWW server is providing a dictionary function or an on-screen
display of words from the files, the acknowledgement must be made on each
screen display, e.g. in the form of a message at the foot of the screen
or page. If, however, material from the files is mixed with information from
other sources, it is sufficient to provide a general acknowledgement of the
sources as described above.
For smartphone and tablet apps, acknowledgement must be made, e.g.
on a separate screen
accessed from a menu, such as one labelled "About", "Sources", etc. It is not
sufficient just to mention it on a start-up/launch page of the app.
For the EDICT, JMdict and KANJIDIC files, the
following URLs may  be used or quoted:
https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project 
https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/KANJIDIC_Project 
See
this page 
for samples of possible acknowledgement text.
Note that in all cases, the addition of material to the files or to
extracts from the files does not remove or in any way diminish the
Group's copyright over the files. Users of material from the files
must
NOT
claim copyright over that material.
Note also that provided the conditions above are met, 
there is NO restriction placed on commercial use of the files. 
The files can be bundled with software and sold for whatever
the developer wants to charge.
Software using these files does not have to be under any form of 
open-source licence.
Where use of the files results in a financial return to the user, it is 
suggested that the user make a donation to the Group to assist with the 
continued development of the files. The only method currently available is to
make a donation via PayPal using a credit or debit card. Simply click on
the following button and follow the instructions.
NB: No contract or agreement needs to be signed in order to use the files.
By using the files, the user implicitly undertakes to abide by the
conditions of this licence.
4. Updating Dictionary Versions
If a software package,  WWW server, smartphone app, etc. uses the
files or incorporates data from the files, there must be a procedure for
regular updating of the data from the most recent versions available. For
example, WWW-based dictionary servers should update their dictionary 
versions at least once a month. Failure to keep the versions up-to-date is
a violation of the licence to use the data.
5. Warranty and Liability
While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information
in the files, it is possible that errors may still be included. The files
are made available without any warranty whatsoever as to their accuracy or
suitability for a particular application.
Any individual or organization making use of the files must agree:
to assume all liability for the use or misuse of the files, and must
agree not to hold the Group liable for any actions or
events resulting from use of the files.
to  refrain from bringing action or suit or claim against 
the Group or any of the Group's members on the basis of the use of 
the files, or any information included in the files.
to indemnify the Group or its members in the case of action by a
third party on the basis of the use of the files, or any
information included in the files.
6. Copyright
Every effort has been made in the compilation of these files to ensure
that the copyright of other compilers of dictionaries and lexicographic
material
has not been infringed. The Group asserts its intention to rectify immediately
any breach of copyright brought to its attention.
Any individual or organization in possession of copies of the files, upon becoming
aware that a possible copyright infringement may be present in the files,
must undertake to contact the Group immediately with details of the
possible infringement.
7. Prior Permission
All permissions for use of the files granted by James William Breen
prior to March 2000 will be honoured and maintained, however the placing
of the KANJD212 and EDICTH files under the GNU GPL has been withdrawn as 
of 25 March 2000.
8. Special Conditions for the KANJIDIC, KANJD212 and KANJIDIC2 Files
In addition to licensing arrangements described above, the following
additional conditions apply to the KANJIDIC, KANJD212 and KANJIDIC2 files.
The following people have granted permission for material for which they hold 
copyright to be included in the files, and distributed under the above 
conditions, while retaining their copyright over that material: 
Jack HALPERN: The SKIP codes.
Note that the SKIP codes are under their own similar Creative Common
licence. See Jack Halpern's
conditions of use 
page. 
Christian WITTERN and Koichi YASUOKA: The Pinyin information.
Urs APP: the Four Corner codes and the Morohashi information.
Mark SPAHN and Wolfgang HADAMITZKY: the kanji descriptors from their 
dictionary.
Charles MULLER: the Korean readings.
Joseph DE ROO: the De Roo codes.
9. Enquiries
All enquiries to:
The Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group
Attn: Dr Jim Breen
(jimbreen@gmail.com)

GNU General Public License, version 2 (applies to cjkvi-ids)

                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                       Version 2, June 1991

 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 <https://fsf.org/>
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

                            Preamble

  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
your programs, too.

  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
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  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
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language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
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Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
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notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

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    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
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    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.

  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
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except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
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integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
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through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
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  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
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may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
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                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
    with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:

    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

  <signature of Moe Ghoul>, 1 April 1989
  Moe Ghoul, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

MIT License (applies to ts-fsrs and to topokanji under its elected MIT option)

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2026 Open Spaced Repetition

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

The same MIT terms above apply to topokanji, used under the MIT option of its
multi-licence offer. Copyright (c) Dmitry Shpika (scriptin) and contributors.