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Attribution & Lizenzen

Japanji baut auf offenen japanischsprachigen Daten auf, die andere Menschen erstellt und gepflegt haben. Diese Seite nennt jede Quelle, die wir verwenden, wofür wir sie verwenden und unter welcher Lizenz sie steht. Einige dieser Lizenzen verlangen, dass wir ihren vollständigen Text wiedergeben: die langen Fassungen stehen am Ende der Seite.

Frei, offen, nicht-kommerziell

Japanji ist kostenlos und nicht-kommerziell, und das bleibt so. Spenden sind willkommen; es gibt keine Bezahlstufe und wird auch nie eine geben. Eine Spende kauft nichts: keine Funktion, keinen Vorteil, keine Abkürzung. Sie hilft bei den laufenden Kosten, mehr nicht. Mehrere der folgenden Quellen werden für nicht-kommerzielle Nutzung bereitgestellt, und genau so nutzt Japanji sie.

Wörterbücher: Bedeutungen, Lesungen, Vokabeln

  • KanjiDic2 liefert Kanji-Bedeutungen, Lesungen, Strichzahlen, Schulstufe und JLPT-Niveau. Copyright © James William Breen und die Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group (EDRDG). Genutzt unter der EDRDG General Dictionary Licence, also der Lizenz Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 zusammen mit den EDRDG-Attributionsbedingungen. Projekt: https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/KANJIDIC_Project. Der vollständige Lizenztext ist unten wiedergegeben.
  • JMdict ist das japanisch-englische Vokabelwörterbuch hinter den Vokabeln, die du lernst. Copyright © James William Breen und die EDRDG. Genutzt unter derselben EDRDG General Dictionary Licence wie KanjiDic2. Projekt: https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project. Der vollständige Lizenztext ist unten wiedergegeben.

Zeichen: Striche, Bestandteile, Radikale

  • KanjiVG liefert die Strichfolge-Diagramme. Copyright © Ulrich Apel und das KanjiVG-Projekt, lizenziert unter Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 (CC BY-SA 3.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/). Quelle: https://kanjivg.tagaini.net/.
  • cjkvi-ids liefert die Zerlegung der Zeichen in ihre Bestandteile. Die Daten stammen aus der CHISE-IDS-Datenbank von Tomohiko Morioka und Mitwirkenden, lizenziert unter der GNU General Public License, Version 2 (GPLv2). Quelle: https://github.com/cjkvi/cjkvi-ids. Der vollständige Lizenztext ist unten wiedergegeben. (Die Zerlegungsdaten fließen zur Build-Zeit ein und werden auf einfache Datenbankzeilen reduziert; keine GPL-lizenzierte Datei wird mit der App ausgeliefert.)
  • CJK Decompositions Data zerlegt die Zeichen in die Bestandteile, nach denen topokanjis Reihenfolge sortiert ist und aus denen Japanjis Kanji-Geschichten gebaut sind, mit Japanjis eigenen Korrekturen darüber. Zusammengestellt von Gavin Grover. Die Daten werden zur Wahl unter Apache-2.0, LGPL-3.0, CC BY-SA 3.0, MIT, ODC-By 1.0 oder EPL-1.0 angeboten; Japanji wählt die MIT License (unten wiedergegeben). Japanji liest sie so, wie topokanji sie ausliefert (dependencies/1-to-N.txt). Quelle: https://github.com/amake/cjk-decomp, ein Archiv des ursprünglichen Projekts, das nicht mehr online ist.
  • Unicode Character Database (CJKRadicals.txt) liefert die Zuordnung der Kangxi-Radikale. Copyright © Unicode, Inc., unter der Unicode License (https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html). Die englischen Radikal-Namen stammen aus Wikipedia unter CC BY-SA 4.0.

Häufigkeit und Beispielsätze

Kanji-Reihenfolge und Wiederholungsplanung

  • topokanji liefert die Reihenfolge, in der Kanji gelehrt werden: eine topologische Sortierung, die berücksichtigt, welche Zeichen auf welchen aufbauen, mit Häufigkeit als Tiebreaker. Copyright © Dmitry Shpika (scriptin) und Mitwirkende. Das Projekt wird zur Wahl unter Apache-2.0, CC BY-4.0, EPL-1.0, LGPL-3.0 oder MIT angeboten; Japanji wählt die MIT License (unten wiedergegeben). Quelle: https://github.com/scriptin/topokanji. Der Sortier-Algorithmus stammt aus Loach, J. C., & Wang, J. (2016), "Optimizing the Learning Order of Chinese Characters Using a Novel Topological Sort Algorithm", arXiv:1602.08742.
  • ts-fsrs ist der Spaced-Repetition-Planer, der entscheidet, wann jede Karte wiederkommt. Copyright © Open Spaced Repetition, lizenziert unter der MIT License (unten wiedergegeben). Quelle: https://github.com/open-spaced-repetition/ts-fsrs.

Was Japanji bewusst nicht ausliefert

Japanji verwendet weder Heisigs Remembering the Kanji (RTK) noch die Reihenfolge von WaniKani. Beides sind geschützte Lehr-Reihenfolgen, keine offenen Daten: Die RTK-Reihenfolge ist der urheberrechtlich geschützte Kern des Buchs, und WaniKanis Reihenfolge samt Eselsbrücken ist dessen eigenes Produkt. Japanji nutzt stattdessen eine offene, häufigkeits- und abhängigkeitsbasierte Reihenfolge (topokanji, siehe oben), damit alles, was es ausliefert, frei und offen bleiben kann.

Vollständige Lizenztexte

Die folgenden Lizenzen sind in ihrem englischen Original wiedergegeben. Sie gelten unabhängig davon, in welcher Sprache du Japanji liest.

EDRDG General Dictionary Licence (gilt für KanjiDic2 und JMdict)

ELECTRONIC DICTIONARY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GROUP
GENERAL DICTIONARY LICENCE STATEMENT
1. Introduction
In March 2000, James William Breen assigned ownership of the copyright
of the dictionary files assembled, coordinated and edited by him to the 
The Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group, then at
Monash University (hereafter "the Group"), on the understanding that 
the Group
will foster the development of the dictionary files, and will utilize all
monies received for use of the files for the further
development of the files, and for research into computer lexicography and
electronic dictionaries.
This document outlines the licence arrangement put in place by The
Group for usage of the files. It replaces all previous copyright and
licence statements applying to the files.
2. Application
This licence statement and copyright notice applies to the
following dictionary files, the associated documentation files,
and any data files which are derived from them. 
JMDICT
- Japanese-Multilingual Dictionary File - the Japanese and English
components (the translational equivalents in other languages, e.g.
German, French, Dutch, etc. 
are covered by separate copyright held by the compilers of that material.)
EDICT
- Japanese-English Electronic DICTionary File
ENAMDICT
- Japanese Names File
COMPDIC
- Japanese-English Computing and Telecommunications Terminology File
KANJIDIC2
- File of Information about the Kanji in JIS X 0208, JIS X 0212 and JIS X
0213 in XML format.
KANJIDIC
- File of Information about the 6,355 Kanji in the JIS X 0208 Standard
(special conditions apply)
KANJD212
- File of Information about the 5,801 Supplementary Kanji in the 
JIS X 0212 Standard
EDICT-R
- romanized version of the EDICT file. (NB: this file has been withdrawn
from circulation, and all sites carrying it are requested to remove
their copies.)
RADKFILE/KRADFILE
- files relating to the decomposition of the 6,355 kanji in JIS X 0208
into their visible components.
Copyright over the documents covered by this statement is held by James 
William BREEN and The Electronic Dictionary Research and
Development Group.
3. Licence Conditions
The dictionary files are made available under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike Licence (V4.0). The Licence Deed can be viewed
here, 
and the full Licence Code is
here. 
In summary (extract from the Licence Deed): 
You are free:
to Share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work
to Remix - to adapt the work
Under the following conditions:
Attribution. You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work).
Share Alike. If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same, similar or a compatible licence.
For attribution of these files, you must:
in the case of publishing significant extracts of the files, or
material based on significant extracts of the files, e.g. in a published
dictionary or in 
vocabulary lists, clearly acknowledge that you used the files for this purpose;
in the case of a software package,  WWW server, smartphone app, etc. which uses the
files or incorporates data from the files, you must:
acknowledge the usage and source of the files in the documentation,
publicity material, WWW site of the package/server, etc.;
provide copies of the documentation and licence files (in the case
of software packages). Where the application packaging does not provide
for the inclusion of such files (e.g. with iPhone applications), it is
sufficient to provide links, as per the next point;
provide links to either local copies of
the documentation and licence files or to the locations of the files
at Monash University or at the EDRDG site.
If a WWW server is providing a dictionary function or an on-screen
display of words from the files, the acknowledgement must be made on each
screen display, e.g. in the form of a message at the foot of the screen
or page. If, however, material from the files is mixed with information from
other sources, it is sufficient to provide a general acknowledgement of the
sources as described above.
For smartphone and tablet apps, acknowledgement must be made, e.g.
on a separate screen
accessed from a menu, such as one labelled "About", "Sources", etc. It is not
sufficient just to mention it on a start-up/launch page of the app.
For the EDICT, JMdict and KANJIDIC files, the
following URLs may  be used or quoted:
https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/JMdict-EDICT_Dictionary_Project 
https://www.edrdg.org/wiki/index.php/KANJIDIC_Project 
See
this page 
for samples of possible acknowledgement text.
Note that in all cases, the addition of material to the files or to
extracts from the files does not remove or in any way diminish the
Group's copyright over the files. Users of material from the files
must
NOT
claim copyright over that material.
Note also that provided the conditions above are met, 
there is NO restriction placed on commercial use of the files. 
The files can be bundled with software and sold for whatever
the developer wants to charge.
Software using these files does not have to be under any form of 
open-source licence.
Where use of the files results in a financial return to the user, it is 
suggested that the user make a donation to the Group to assist with the 
continued development of the files. The only method currently available is to
make a donation via PayPal using a credit or debit card. Simply click on
the following button and follow the instructions.
NB: No contract or agreement needs to be signed in order to use the files.
By using the files, the user implicitly undertakes to abide by the
conditions of this licence.
4. Updating Dictionary Versions
If a software package,  WWW server, smartphone app, etc. uses the
files or incorporates data from the files, there must be a procedure for
regular updating of the data from the most recent versions available. For
example, WWW-based dictionary servers should update their dictionary 
versions at least once a month. Failure to keep the versions up-to-date is
a violation of the licence to use the data.
5. Warranty and Liability
While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information
in the files, it is possible that errors may still be included. The files
are made available without any warranty whatsoever as to their accuracy or
suitability for a particular application.
Any individual or organization making use of the files must agree:
to assume all liability for the use or misuse of the files, and must
agree not to hold the Group liable for any actions or
events resulting from use of the files.
to  refrain from bringing action or suit or claim against 
the Group or any of the Group's members on the basis of the use of 
the files, or any information included in the files.
to indemnify the Group or its members in the case of action by a
third party on the basis of the use of the files, or any
information included in the files.
6. Copyright
Every effort has been made in the compilation of these files to ensure
that the copyright of other compilers of dictionaries and lexicographic
material
has not been infringed. The Group asserts its intention to rectify immediately
any breach of copyright brought to its attention.
Any individual or organization in possession of copies of the files, upon becoming
aware that a possible copyright infringement may be present in the files,
must undertake to contact the Group immediately with details of the
possible infringement.
7. Prior Permission
All permissions for use of the files granted by James William Breen
prior to March 2000 will be honoured and maintained, however the placing
of the KANJD212 and EDICTH files under the GNU GPL has been withdrawn as 
of 25 March 2000.
8. Special Conditions for the KANJIDIC, KANJD212 and KANJIDIC2 Files
In addition to licensing arrangements described above, the following
additional conditions apply to the KANJIDIC, KANJD212 and KANJIDIC2 files.
The following people have granted permission for material for which they hold 
copyright to be included in the files, and distributed under the above 
conditions, while retaining their copyright over that material: 
Jack HALPERN: The SKIP codes.
Note that the SKIP codes are under their own similar Creative Common
licence. See Jack Halpern's
conditions of use 
page. 
Christian WITTERN and Koichi YASUOKA: The Pinyin information.
Urs APP: the Four Corner codes and the Morohashi information.
Mark SPAHN and Wolfgang HADAMITZKY: the kanji descriptors from their 
dictionary.
Charles MULLER: the Korean readings.
Joseph DE ROO: the De Roo codes.
9. Enquiries
All enquiries to:
The Electronic Dictionary Research and Development Group
Attn: Dr Jim Breen
(jimbreen@gmail.com)

GNU General Public License, version 2 (gilt für cjkvi-ids)

                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
                       Version 2, June 1991

 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 <https://fsf.org/>
 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

                            Preamble

  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
the GNU Lesser General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
your programs, too.

  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
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  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
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                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
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the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
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is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
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Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

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You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

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    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
the scope of this License.

  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
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    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
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The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
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compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

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except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
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integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
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through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
be a consequence of the rest of this License.

  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
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the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

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of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
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Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
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                            NO WARRANTY

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                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
    (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
    GNU General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
    with this program; if not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
when it starts in an interactive mode:

    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.

  <signature of Moe Ghoul>, 1 April 1989
  Moe Ghoul, President of Vice

This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License.

MIT License (gilt für ts-fsrs sowie für topokanji und CJK Decompositions Data unter der jeweils gewählten MIT-Option)

MIT License

Copyright (c) 2026 Open Spaced Repetition

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.

The same MIT terms above apply to topokanji, used under the MIT option of its
multi-licence offer. Copyright (c) Dmitry Shpika (scriptin) and contributors.

The same MIT terms above apply to CJK Decompositions Data, used under the MIT
option of its multi-licence offer. Compiled by Gavin Grover.